Pengertian Sejarah (Understanding Of History )

A. Preliminary 
Every human being must have a past. Past worth remembering, both pleasant and sad, which makes man in her life. Every second, minute, hour, day, month, year and so on that have been bypassed by human beings are part of the past. The past history is often referred to by the term.Viewed from the origin of the word, derived from Arabic history, namely Syajaratun which means tree, descent, origin or pedigree. In English (history), Greek (istoria), German (geschicht).
History, in the Indonesian language can mean a history of past events that actually happened or a history of the origin of descent (especially to the kings who ruled).

Generally known as historical information about past events. As a branch of science, studying history is to study and translate the information from records made by individuals, families, and communities. Knowledge of the history surrounding: the knowledge of events past and the knowledge of how to think historically.
In the past, learning about history is categorized as part of Cultural Studies (Humanities). However, at this present moment, history is more often categorized as Social Sciences, especially when it comes to investigating the history chronologically.
History of Science studying the various events that relate to humanity in the past. History is divided into several sub and other special sections such as chronology, historiograf, genealogy, paleography, and kliometrik. People who specialize in studying the history called historians.
The history of science also known as Science or Science Tarikh Chronicle.

B. Understanding History of History by Experts 
1). Moh. YaminHistory is a science which are prepared on the results of investigation of some event that is proved by reality. 
2). R. Mohammad Ali, the sense of history there are three, namely:a). History is the events, all events related to human life.b). History is a story that is systematically arranged (all orderly and neat)c). History is the science which investigates the development of events and occurrences in the past. 
3). Patrick GardinerHistory is the study of what has been done by humans.4). Brice J.VHistory is a record of what had been thought, said and done by humans.Understanding the history of science is different in the sense of history. History is the events that happened in the past human history, while science is the science used to study the important events of the past human beings.

B. Characteristics of science history 
Unique, meaning that historical events happen only once, and impossible to repeat the same event for the second time. 
Important, it means that written historical events are events that are important to affecting change and human development 
Immortal, meaning that historical events do not change and will always be remembered for all time

C. History As an event, story, Science and the Arts
1. History as event. 
History as the event is an event, reality, actuality really happened or took place in the past. History as an object called
2. History as Story
History as the story is a narrative story based on the opinion of a person, a memory, impression, or human interpretation of an event that happened in the past.Called the meaning of history as a subject of history has been getting from the preparation of historical interpretation. In this case the historian has role as "The Man Behind the Gun", which means they are preparing stories based on history traces the history (history as an event) but still influenced by the historian's own perspective. 
3. History as Science 
History as a science is an array of knowledge about the events and stories that happen in human society in the past are arranged systematically and using a method based on the principles, procedures and methods and scientific techniques that are recognized by history experts.Basic condition referred to as the science of history is:a). Object definitiveb). The presence in the formulation of truth that can be held responsible for the truthc). An efficient methodd). Using a specific preparation system 
4. History as ArtHistory as art is a way how to make the reader interested in the history of a past event information presented since the elements of beauty that are included in the present historical information in the past so it will reach the targeted delivery of historical information. Art history is very relevant role as well with how the writing of history itself.

D. Use of History 
The existence of a science that does not exist in this world will last forever without any awareness of its benefits for humans. Similarly, the science of history. In relation to the life of nation and state, science has a history of usefulness as follows: 
1. Use of Lectures (given education)The value of history lies in the fact, what happened in the past provide lessons for people who have been through it. Use educative means history could provide the wisdom and the wisdom to actually learn it because the spirit of the interests of studying history is kemasakiniannya value. 
2. Guna instructive (teach)In order to provide instructive lessons of history mean anything good about the skills and knowledge. 
3. Use Inspiring (inspire)Inspiring Guna means incidents and events that happened in the past can provide inspiration, ideas or inspiration for humans at present.Example: the greatness of the kingdoms in the archipelago in the past to give inspiration to the founders of the nation to rebuild the greatness of the past. 
4. Use recreational (pleasure)History is an artistic creation, so that it can bring inner happiness.Example: we visited Borobudur Temple, with a visit there we could see development at that time. Starting from the number of workers, architects, duration and purpose of development and so on in the hearts and minds so that we will penetrate the dimension of time.

E. Periodization and chronology History 
1). Periodization of history 
History has two spatial dimensions (space) and temporal dimension (time). The concept of time in history including the time or date (time), namely the continuity of the process and time an event is a unity of three-dimensional continuity of past, present and future.Understanding the history periodization is closely related to the distribution of the human past based on the sequence of time (periodisation = Pembabagan time).The importance of periodization in history, namely: 
1. Systematics facilitate the writing of history 
2. Is a summary of an event according to a historian. 
3. Facilitate the reader in understanding a historical event 
4. Is a hub of historical facts

2). Chronology of history 
Is an attempt made to obtain an understanding of the notion of a historical event that can be linked clearly between one event with another event which logically.Chronology of history is very important because it can link one event with another event in the form of causality or cause and effect.